General Knowledge (Nobel Prize Winner)

Nobel Prize Winner

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Nobel Prize Winner - 2012

Winner's Name	Field	Country	Work
Serge Haroche and David J. Wineland	Physics	France, USA	For ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems.
Mo Yan	Literature	China	Mo Yan "who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales, history and the contemporary".
Robert J. Lefkowitz and Brian K. Kobilka	Chemistry	Both are from USA	For studies of G-protein-coupled receptors
Sir John B. Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka	Medicine	UK, Japan	For the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent.
Nobel Peace Prize 2012	Peace	Europe	The Nobel Peace Prize 2012 was awarded to European Union EU) "for over six decades contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation, democracy and human rights in Europe".
Alvin E. Roth and Lloyd S. Shapley	Economics	Both are from USA	For the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design.

Nobel Prize Winner - 2011

Winner's Name	Field	Country	Work
Saul Perlmutter Brian P. Schmidt Adam G. Riess	Physics	USA Australia USA	For the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae.
Dan Shechtman	Chemistry	Israel	For the discovery of quasicrystals.
Bruce A. Beutler Jules A. Hoffmann Ralph M. Steinman	Medicine	USA Luxembourg Canada	For their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity" and the other half to Ralph M. Steinman "for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity.
Tomas Tranströmer	Literature	Sweden	Because, through his condensed, translucent images, he gives us fresh access to reality.
Thomas J. Sargent Christopher A. Sims	Economics	USA USA	For their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy.
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf Leymah Gbowee Tawakkul Karman	Peace	Liberia Liberia Yemen	For their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women’s rights to full participation in peace-building work.

Nobel Prize Winner - 2010

Winner's Name	Field	Country	Work
Konstantin Novoselov Andre Geim	Physics	Russia	For groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene.
Liu Xiaobo	Peace	China	The Nobel Peace Prize 2010 was awarded to Liu Xiaobo "for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China".
Mario Vargas Llosa	Literature	Peru	For his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance, revolt, and defeat.
Robert G. Edwards	Medicine	UK	For the development of in vitro fertilization.
Richard F. Heck Ei-ichi Negishi Akira Suzuki	Chemistry	USA USA Japan	For palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis.
Peter A. Diamond Dale T. Mortensen Christopher A. Pissarides	Economics	USA USA UK	For their analysis of markets with search frictions.

Nobel Prize Winner - 2009

Winner's Nam     Winner's Name	Field	Country	Work
Elizabeth Blackburn Carol Greider  Jack Szostak	Medicine	USA	For the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase.
Charles K. Kao Willard S. Boyle George E. Smith	Physics	USA	For groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication. And the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit – the CCD sensor.
V. Ramakrishnan Thomas A. Steitz  Ada E. Yonath	Chemistry	UK USA Israel	For studies of the structure and function of the ribosome
Barack Obama	Peace	USA	For his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples.
Herta Müller	Literature	Germany	For the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose, depicts the landscape of the dispossessed.
Elinor Ostrom Oliver E. Williamson	Economics	USA	For her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons. For his analysis of economic governance, especially the boundaries of the firm.